Copper slag differs by chemical composition and structure, depending on the type. An introduction lynne keys historical metallurgy society what is iron slag. Manufacture of foundry pig iron from copper smelting slag. Ancient iron production refers to iron working in times from prehistory to the early middle ages where knowledge of production processes is derived from archaeological investigation. Iron with a bit of carbon in it generally less than 1%. Additionally, the main technical and economic indicators of blast furnace smelting productivity, coke consumption, chemical composition of pig iron and slag, etc. The effect of local coal and smelting sponge iron on iron. Approximately 60% of blast furnace slag is used as a raw material for this purpose. Iron ore is the raw material used to make pig iron, which is one of the main raw materials to make steel98% of the mined iron ore is used to make steel. Products produced in modern foundries in developed countries never contain 100 percent pig iron, an intermediate product of the smelting of iron ore, and in fact they are normally produced with no pig iron at all. As the name suggests, the blast furnace slag is generated in the blast furnace, during the production of liquid pig iron, and is mostly processed further into granulated blast furnace slag which is a valuable additive in the cement. The problem of iron decomposition is considered to be rare and characteristic for slag with a high content of iron oxide 3. Pig iron is the story of johnjohn, a young man wrestling with the legacy of brutality left by his bareknuckle boxer father, king of the gypsies, mac wisdom. The hearth acts as a storage region for molten metal and molten slag.
Slag, the byproduct of iron working processes such as smelting or smithing, is left at the iron. The improvement of the reuse efficiency of steel slag through the composition. There are also various subtypes, for example low manganese basic pig iron, seminodular pig iron etc. Find alternative equipment in which to produce a very conductive slag needs an open arc piloted at mintek in 1990 0. The refined iron section definitely needs more beefing up. The charge of blast furnace possesses successive layers of iron ore, scrap, coke, and limestone and some steel scrap which is fed from the top of the furnace. The chemistry and size of the iron droplets suggest that the iron was trapped in a viscous slag and did. The balls of this pasty mass, each about 45 to 65 kg in weight, are formed. The products of the smelting technology are pig iron and slag. A study on reduction of copper smelting slag by carbon for. The area where demand is largest for iron and steel slag products is cement. Ilmenite is the most abundant titanium bearing mineral containing approx. Introduction to types and identification of metal topics 1. The elemental composition of pig iron was determined on an atomic emission.
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, and sometimes other elements. Generating of slag in pig iron production in blast furnace bf, steel production. As a result, it was confirmed that with reduction smelting by carbon at temperatures above 1400 c, it is possible to recover pig iron containing copper from copper smelting slag, and the addition of cao in reduction smelting helped to reduce iron oxide in the fayalite and change the chemical and mineralogical composition of the slag. Iron and steel blast furnace iron scribd read books. A blast furnace charge consists of ore, fluxes and fuel. Steel slag is the result of industrial processes in which iron mineral is reduced, generating products as pig iron iron with a high proportion of carbon and steel.
Raw iron, the immediate product of smelting iron ore with coke and limestone in a blast furnace. Dec 18, 20 at voestalpine the two types of slag are separately collected, prepared, and processed further into products. Openhearth process also called the regenerative open hearth. Page 2 chemical and mineralogic composition chemical analyses of blastfurnace slags usually show that the four major oxides lime, magnesia, silica and alumina make up about 95% of the total. The results confirm that the use of iron slag overcome the pollution problems in the environment. Sciforum preprints scilit sciprofiles mdpi books encyclopedia mdpi blog. The process of preparing pig iron was using hot blast cupola hbc furnace which. Pig iron is the intermediate product of smelting iron ore with coke, usually with limestone as a flux. Pig iron and slag are the products of the smeltingreduction treatment. The iron ore in a blast furnace is deoxidized or reduced, for which purpose the ore is charged with sufficient. The molten iron and slag collect in the hearth at the base of the furnace. The demands from customers to iron and steel producers are becoming more and more demanding.
Extraction of iron metallurgy blast furnace and reactions. Therefore, iron foundries and steelworks are enforced to develop an increased control of the inclusion amount and composition in the melt bath, to keep the accuracy of the chemical analyses when preparing the melt for casting of the products. Charcoal and anthracite have also been used as fuel. While pig iron may be the more economical input, technically and ecologically speaking, scrap iron is a far superior raw material. Because of its high tensile strength and low cost, it is a major component used in buildings, infrastructure, tools, ships, trains, automobiles, machines, appliances, and weapons. Ilmenite is smelted to produce titania slag and pig iron problem to be solved. The molten metal free from impurities is removed from the furnace as a pasty mass of iron and slag. The primary components of iron and steel slag are limestone cao and silica sio 2. Alternative aggregate in road construction, proceedings book of. Characteristics of calciumaluminate slags and pig iron produced. It is a substitute for scrap and is mainly used in making steel through the secondary route. Titanium feedstocks including titanium slag, ilmenite, rutile and leucoxene are in demand for their titanium dioxide tio 2 content. Anything that is reddish brown or rust colored could either be slag or bog iron.
Other methods of iron refining although almost all the iron and steel manufactured in the world is made from pig iron produced by the blastfurnace process, other methods of iron refining are possible and have been practiced to a limited extent. One such method is the socalled direct method of making iron and steel from ore, without making pig. Wrought iron is the purest form of iron available commercially available and is prepared from cast iron by heating cast iron in a furnace lined with haematite fe2o3. Pig iron has a very high carbon content, typically 3. Pig iron is an intermediate product that can be made into wrought iron or steel. For instance, some iron and steelmaking byproducts, such as slag, eaf dust, mill. This kind of iron is called cast iron and has a slightly lower carbon content 2 3 %. In this paper, the compressive strength of the iron slag concrete was studied. Both pig iron and slag then analyzed by semeds to measure the iron content. Reuse and recycling of byproducts in the steel sector.
Iron is able to take on two crystalline forms allotropic forms, body centered cubic and facecentered cubic. Once the pig iron and slag has been tapped, the taphole is again plugged with refractory clay. The typical example represent the processes of inter. Slag is formed during the reduction of iron ore to pig iron. The ore part of a charge consists of iron ores and concentrates, manganese ores and various types of scrap containing iron. Modern slag wool is composed of calcium, magnesium, and aluminum silicates with trace amounts of other oxides.
The byproduct gas is collected through offtakes located at the top of the furnace and is recovered for use as fuel. Approximately 300 kgtonpig iron and 100 kgtonsteel of bf slag and. Overview of ironsteel slag application and development of new. Constitution of iron composition of pig iron elements present having studied the powerful reducing condition inside the iron blast furnace, it is no surprise to us to know that any other element present in the ore and as easily reduced as iron will come out with it as it runs from the furnace. Sep 15, 2019 openhearth process also called the regenerative open hearth. Wrought iron made from pig iron with some slag mixed in during manufacture. To examine the fe content in the slag according to the reaction time in the reduction heat treatment process, the slag was recovered at intervals of 5 minutes after slag. The result shows that the maximum iron content on pig iron is about 95. The slag chemical composition obtained after reductive smelting of the. Slag, the byproduct of ironworking processes such as smelting or smithing, is left at the ironworking site rather than being moved away with the product. His new job as an ice cream man should offer freedom, but instead pulls johnjohn into the dark recesses of a northeast town where his family name is mud. The possibility and expediency of utilisation of red mud in a blast furnace are shown. In 2011 the financial times has speculated that iron ore is more integral to the global economy than any other commodity, except perhaps oil. Power supplied to furnace is independent of slag composition, so slag can be changed to one that.
Concrete aggregate manufactured using iron and steel slag as a raw material include blast furnace slag aggregate and electric arc furnace oxidizing slag aggregate. Iron slag is one of the industrial byproduct from the iron and steel making industries. The comprehensive utilization of steel slag in agricultural. How pig iron is converted into iron and steel in blast. Bog iron is sometimes hard to tell apart from slag, especially since bad runs of the furnace produced slag high in iron content. Pig iron is an intermediate product of the iron industry, also known as crude iron, which is obtained by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. While the loss of iron in the slag with an electric furnace running on pig steel would probably be greater than in the case of pig iron, owing to the weaker reducing atmosphere of the pig steel furnace, it should not be so excessive as to prohibit the use of such a process under favorable economic conditions. Grade, sponge iron dri shree bajrang sales private limited. Reductive smelting of neutralized red mud for iron. In china, the first steel slag fertilizer program invested by taiyuan iron and steel group and harsco corporation of the usa started building in 2011. A complete account of all the best known methods for the analysis of iron, steel, pigiron, iron ore, limestone, slag, on free shipping on qualified orders.
May 03, 2010 once the pig iron and slag has been tapped, the taphole is again plugged with refractory clay. The molten iron and slag are removed, or cast, from the furnace periodically. The values of specific 1 cast converter slag includingslopping from the converter. A bit like a giant fireplace in which pig iron, scrap steel, and iron ore are burned with limestone until they fuse together. The production of pig iron from crushing plant waste using hot blast. Carbon and alloy steel bars and rods another customer service of since 1943 akron steel treating company.
Iron ore exists as an aggregate of iron bearing minerals. The composition of a particular steel is determined by its application and the. While the loss of iron in the slag with an electric furnace running on pig steel would probably be greater than in the case of pig iron, owing to the weaker reducing atmosphere of the pigsteel furnace, it should not be so excessive as to prohibit the use of such a process under favorable economic conditions. Pig iron pig iron price pig iron meaning pig iron uses pig iron meaning in hindi pig iron manufacturers in gujarat pig iron to steel pig iron in hindi pig iron and.
Concrete aggregate manufactured using iron and steel slag as a raw material include blast furnace slag aggregate and. Iron and steel introduction to their science, properties, uses. Even though the chemical composition of slag same but the physical properties of the slag vary. It is produced by reduction of iron oxides, in the liquid state, in blast furnaces. However, altering the chemical composition of the slag and rapid cooling of the molten mass while preventing the crystallisation of dicalcium silicate can completely prevent this problem. Pig iron article about pig iron by the free dictionary. Properties and uses of iron and steel slag mf 1826 national slag association. More pig iron is added, the unwanted carbon combines with oxygen, the impurities are removed as slag and the iron turns to molten steel. The physicochemical properties of four different types of iron and steel slags, including. Because of its high tensile strength and low cost, it is a major component used in buildings, infrastructure, tools, ships, trains, automobiles, machines, appliances, and weapons iron is the base metal of steel.
Chapter 1 introduction to types and identification of metal. The comprehensive utilisation of red mud utilisation in blast. The comprehensive utilisation of red mud utilisation in. This iron is produced from pig iron by remelting it in the puddling furnace or air furnace or reverberatory furnace. Jan 29, 2008 slag also often has a more glasslike appearance. At voestalpine the two types of slag are separately collected, prepared, and processed further into products. Production of pig iron in a blast furnace 9 scheme of a blast furnace content. The full furnace cycle typically ranges from 25 to 45 minutes.
Pig iron has very high carbon content, typically 3. To abstract all the oxygen from the reducible metallic oxides and to furnish enough heat or high enough temperature to melt down to superheated liquids the pig iron and slag combinations of. Bloom would need to be heated and worked to remove the slag from the bloom thus creating wrought iron. Iron is produced by converting iron ore to pig iron using a blast furnace. Use of iron slag as partial replacement of sand to concrete. Other components of blast furnace slag include alumina alsub2 o 3 and magnesium oxide mgo, as well as a small amount of sulfur s, while steelmaking slag contains iron oxide feo and magnesium oxide mgo.
Iron and steel introduction to their science, properties. A technical, environmental and economical assessment. Ukraine dnepropetrovsk iron and steel works named after petrovsky a steelmaking subsidiary of the russian steelmaker and iron ore producer evraz group has carried out third category maintenance works at its blast furnace no 3 which has allowed it to reduce the consumption of iron and coke per metric ton of pig iron by 10 kilogram and 7 kilogram respectively. Pig iron is further refined in a furnace for conversion into steel. May 01, 2012 pig iron is the story of johnjohn, a young man wrestling with the legacy of brutality left by his bareknuckle boxer father, king of the gypsies, mac wisdom.
The iron ore in a blast furnace is deoxidized or reduced, for which purpose the ore is charged with sufficient carbonaceous fuel to do two things. On the other hand the produced slag has black color and its composition. It also weathers well and hence it is readily available. Some were produced by smelting, others by smithing. In 2006 the built new steel plant furnace and produciton was greatly influenced. Carnegie institution washington year book, 1965, pp. Since slag is just the impurities that are present in the bog iron ore prior to separation in the furnace, it can vary widely depending on the mineral makeup of the particular ore being refined. Pig iron production used akome iron sand with high titanium content, as 5% or more of tio 2 which was added after the charcoal charge. Pig iron pig iron is an alloy of iron with carbon about 4. The tuyeres are used to implement a hot blast, which is used to increase the efficiency of the blast. The bog iron i have seen also often has stones in it.
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